![]() ![]() Later on, other authors examined the effect of dry gas on mucous flow in dogs anaesthetized for heart-lung bypass operations. In fact, a study on eighteen patients undergoing general anesthesia demonstrated that after three hours of exposure to dry anesthetic gas, respiratory epithelial cells had 39% ciliar damage, 39% cytoplasmic changes, and 48% nuclear changes. Since then, there has been a growing body of literature addressing the effect of dry gases on respiratory tract of intubated patients. In 1871, Friedrich Trendelenburg described the first endotracheal intubation for administration of general anesthesia. We describe a variety of devices and describe the eventual applications according to specific clinical conditions. ![]() In this paper, we review current methods of airway humidification during invasive mechanical ventilation of adult patients. Therefore, basic knowledge of the mechanisms of action of each of these devices, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, becomes a necessity for the respiratory care and intensive care practitioner. Sophisticated systems composed of reservoirs, wires, heating devices, and other elements have become part of our usual armamentarium in the intensive care unit. Particularly, active and passive humidification devices have rapidly evolved. Consequently, respiratory care providers have been utilizing external humidifiers to compensate for the lack of natural humidification mechanisms when the upper airway is bypassed. ![]() More than a century ago, a variety of reports described important airway damage by applying dry gases during artificial ventilation. Humidification of inhaled gases has been standard of care in mechanical ventilation for a long period of time. ![]()
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